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1. Which of the following cell is known as primary cell involved in tumor surveillance and recognition
A. Natural killer cells C. Activated macrophages
B. Cytotoxic T- lymphocytes D. All of above
2. A malignant epithelial cell neoplasm derived form any of the three germ layers is referred to as
A. Sarcoma C. Teratoma
B. Carcinoma D. Mixed cell tumor
3. The study of neoplastic growth is referred to as
A. Tetralogy C. Neoplasia
B. Anaplasia D. Oncology
4. Each of the following is an anaplastic change except
A. Pleomorphism and hyperchromatism
B. Increased mitosis and abnormal mitotic figures
C. Nuclei that vary in shape and size
D. Presence of abundant chromatic in cytoplasmic organelles
5. Which of the following feature is more characteristic of a benign than a malignant neoplasm.
A. Grows by expansion and implantation occurs frequently
B. Metastasizes from the site of origin
C. Usually non-capsulated and necrosis seldom occur
D. Usually occur singly and do not recur after surgical removal.
6. Which of the following is least likely to be primary cause of neoplastic transformation in animals?
A. Immunologic reactions mediated by IgE C. DNA oncogenic viruses
B. RNA oncogenic viruses D. Radiation
7. Which of the following is considered to be the hallmark of malignancy?
A. Anaplasia and rate of growth of neoplastic mass
B. Degree of encapsulation of the neoplastic mass
C. Formation of giant cell and cellular anaplasia within and around the neoplastic mass
D. Presence of undifferentiated cells and evidence of metastasis
8. Which of the following is not true for cutaneous papilloma of cattle?
A. A bovine cutaneous papilloma virus will cause fibropapillomas of the genital mucosa of cattle
B. Bovine cutaneous papilloma are caused by RNA viruses
C. Bovines cutaneous papillomatosis usually affect cattle under 2 years of age
D. Cattle can be immunized against cutaneous papillomatosis so that they are resistant to subsequent infections.
9. These are the mutated cellular genes that dysregulate cell growth and cause cancer.
A. Proto-oncognes C. Both are correct
B. Oncogenes D. Both are wrong
10. Which of the following is not paraneoplastic syndrome
A. Hypercalcemia C. Hypoglycemia
B. Hyperglycemia D. Hyper ACTH
11. The neoplasm least likely to be caused by viral agent is
A. Malignant lymphoma of cats C. Squamous cell carcinoma of cattle
B. Cutaneous papilloma of cattle D. Transmissible fibrosarcoma of cats
12. A neoplasm characterized by the presence of cancer pearls” and intercellular bridges is most likely a
A. Basal cell epithelioma C. Squamous cell carcinoma.
B. Pheochromocytoma D. Perianal gland adenoma
13. There are two kidneys from a dog. The one below is much smaller than the one above and it doesn't have the normal typical shape. What is wrong with it?
A. Atrophy C. Neoplasia
B. Hypeplasia D. Hypoplasia
14. Which of the statement is not correct about the picture below
A. The right kidney failed to develop because the primordial cells for the organ were destroyed
B. It had the other kidney on the opposite side and with the marked reserve capacity of a normal kidney, life could be maintained.
C. We would expect to find agenesis in a living animal would be where it is occurring in one of the paired organs so the other one can compensate and maintain the animal.
D. The right kidney was functioning normally earlier but afterwards there is atrophy of right kidney.
15. In the above picture abnormality is seen in
A. Heart C. Aorta
B. Lung D. None of above mentioned
16. The name of the abnormality is
A. Patent foramen ovale C. Patent ductus arteriosus
B. Abnormal curvature of aorta D. None of the abnormality seen
Observe the following picture and answer the following questions. These are the lymphatic in the mesentery of dog suffering with adenocarcinoma of intestine.
17. What must be origin of tumor?
A. Muscle layer of intestine C. Glandular epithelium of intestine
B. Squamous layer of epithelium D. Serosal epithelium of intestine
18. The area marked by arrow is
A. Thickened lymphatic due to metastasis C. Primary tumor nodules
B. Enlarged lymph glands D. None of above
19. The nodules which you are on mesentery are seeing are
A. Primary tumor nodules C. Metastatic tumor nodules
B. Hyperplasia of mesentery lymph node D. Part of liver tissue
20. The process of metastasis of tumor by the serous fluid is called as
A. Carcinomatosis C. Metastasis by emboli formation
B. Metastasis by propagation D. Metastasis by invasion in blood vessels
21. This malignant tumor arise from the bile duct of liver, so it will be termed as
A. Hepatocellular carcinoma C. Chollangiocellular carcinoma
B. Cirrhosis D. Fibrosarcoma
Observe the following pictures Fig I and Fig II and answer the following questions
Fig I Fig II
22. What is wrong with the eye of cow having microscopic picture as above.
A. Squamous cell papilloma C. Retinoblastoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma D. Fibrosarcoma
23. The most typical characteristic of this tumor is
A. It produce lot of pink homogenous protein called collagen
B. It involves sweat glands and hair follicles of skin
C. It originates from the retinocytes of eye
D. It forms keratin pearl
24. The most probable cause of this tumor is
A. Ultraviolet irradiation C. DNA virus induced tumor
B. RNA virus induced tumor D. Chronic irritation to eye will lead this tumor
The following are two pictures of dog having growth on leg I is cross section through bone and II is histological section of the growth. The metastatic growths were also detected in lung by radiography and prescapular lymphnode on necropsy.
Fig I Fig II
25. The pink stained structure in fig II is
A. Collagen C. Osteoid
B. Keratin D. None of above
26. What kind of tumor is it ?
A. Fibrosarcoma C. Osteosarcoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma D. None of above
Following are the pictures of poultry of age 16 weeks and during necropsy and histopathology we could tumor nodules on liver, mesentry, kidney and heart.
Fig I Fig II
27. What is the origin of tumor cells
A. Monocytes C. Epithelial cell of intestine
B. Lymphocyte D. Hepatocytes
28. The cause of this tumor is
A. DNA virus C. Chronic feeding of aflatoxins
B. RNA virus D. Chronic feeding of polycyclic hydrocarbons
Observe carefully following pictures of kidney of monkey, One is gross picture and other is histological section of the same kidney. Look at the neoplastic cells they are round, with pleomorphic nucleus and prominent nucleoli.
Fig I Fig II
29. The area marked with arrow in Fig II is commonly encountered feature of malignant tumor it is:
A. Necrosis C. Mitotic figures
B. Hemorrhage D. Infarction
30.What is origin of the tumor cells
A. Tubular epithelial cells C. Glomerular epithelium
B. Lymphocyte D. Transitional cell
31. A 10 year old bitch experienced abdominal pain for past 1 month. Physical examination shows a adnexal mass. Ultrasound scan has revealed cystic ovarian mass. The mass was surgically excised. The surface of the mass is smooth. On gross examination the mass is cystic and filled with hair. Microscopically, there is squamous epithelium, tall coloumnar glandular epithelium, cartilage and fibrous connective tissue. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Adenocarcinoma C. Teratoma
B. Fibroadenoma D. Mesothelioma
32. An old cow has experienced an increasing thickness at he neck. On physical examination there is firm fixed mass in the right side of the neck on the area of thyroid gland. A biopsy was performed and microscopic picture of specimen is as shown below. Which of the following terms best describe this neoplasm?
A. Adenoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Leiomyoma
D. Anaplastic carcinoma
33. A 9 year dog has noted a nodule on the skin of back. The nodule is present since many years and has not changed in size. On physical examination there is a 0.5 cm dark red, non tender, raised nodule with smooth surface. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Adenocarcinoma C. Lipoma
B. Hemangioma D. Fibrosarcoma
34. A 13 year old dog had several episode of hematuria in past week. On physical examination, there are no abnormal findings. A urine analysis shows hematuria and presence of atypical cells. On cystoscopy urologist observe a 4 m sessile, mass with nodular and ulcerated surface in the bladder. Which of the following term best describe lesion?
A. Fibroma C. Adenoma
B. Carcinoma D. Papilloma
35. A 16 year old dog has experienced pain. On physical examination a firm nodule in the prostrate. Laboratory studies show an elevated alkaline phosphate level and prostrate specific anti8gen level in serum. A prostate needle biopsy shows a adenocarcinoma. Which of the following mechanism best accounts for these findings?
A. A tumor extension from rectum C. High tumor grade
B. Paraneoplastic syndrome D. Tumor angiogenesis
36. This is a developmental defect that is characterized by a complete failure of an organ or tissue to develop:
A. Aplasia C. Hypoplasia
B. Agenesis D. Neoplasia
37. This is a type of atrophy that applies to normal programmed shrinkage of certain organs:
A. Involution C. Evolution
B. Revolution D. Convolution
38. Which if the following is TRUE about hyperplasia?
A. There is destruction of the basic structure of the tissue as new cells are proliferated.
B. Hyperplastic cells are pleomorphic.
C. There is an increase in the number of cells.
D. Increased workload does not cause hyperplasia of a certain tissue
39. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about metaplasia?
A. Metaplasia is a change that occurs within the stem cells.
B. Metaplasia is a generally reversible process.
C. Vitamin A deficiency could induce squamous metaplasia in lining epithelium.
D. Sertoli cell tumor in dogs could induce squamous metaplasia in the epididymis
40. Which of the following is an irreversible change?
A. Metaplasia C. Anaplasia
B. Dysplasia D. Hypertrophy
41. Malignant tumors originating from glandular epithelium are called:
A. Sarcoma C. Adenocarcinoma
B. Adenoma D. Carcinoma
(42.- 45.) Write A if malignant neoplasm or B if benign neoplasm
42. This neoplasm is usually encapsulated.
43. Metastasis occurs often in this type of neoplasm.
44. Mitotic figures are few and normal.
45. Cells are anaplastic.
46. This is an ability of a tumor to spread to tissue or organs that are far from the primary tumor site:
A. Malignancy C. Metastasis
B. Metaplasia D. Mitosis
47. – 51. Below are steps on how malignant tumors metastasize to other parts of the body. Please arrange them in the right order.
A. Evasion of host defense systems
B. Establishment of new tumor growth
C. Tumor invasion
D. Cell attachment and invasion of new location
E. Invasion of blood vessels and lymphatics
52. Activation of protooncogene as a result of substitution of a single nucleotide:
A. Activation by amplification
B. Activation by point mutation
C. Activation by translocation
D. Activation by deletion
53. Neoplasia may occur in which of the diagram below?
54. This is the most important group of the DNA oncogenic viruses.
A. Papilloma
B. Adenovirus
C. Herpes
D. Pox
55. Which of the following is TRUE about DNA oncogenic viruses?
A. DNA oncogenic viruses produce non-lytic infection only.
B. There are six groups of DNA oncogenic viruses.
C. Poxviruses are the most important group of the DNA oncogenic viruses.
D. In non-permissible cells, viral DNA does not integrate with host cell DNA.
56. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about ultraviolet light (sunlight)?
A. Ultraviolet light is a complete carcinogen.
B. Ultraviolet light can suppress the immune system.
C. Single exposure to ultraviolet light is enough to cause cancer.
D. Basal cell tumor is a common tumor associated ultraviolet light.
57. This tumor causes hypercalcemia:
A. Oral melanoma C. Anal sac adenocarcinoma
B. Hemangiosarcoma D. Hepatoma
58. This is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by anorexia, weight loss, generalized muscle weakness, and multiple organ dysfunction:
A. Blood abnormalities
B. Abnormal hormone production
C. Cachexia
D. Emaciation
59. - 61. Canine Case Study
59. A five year old male Collie dog was diagnosed with Sertoli cell tumor. One of the clinical finding was gynecomastia or the excessive development of the mammary gland in the male. What is the pathogenesis for this clinical finding?
A. Sertoli cell tumor → excess estrogen → feminization → gynecomastia
B. Prostatic metaplasia → excess estrogen → Sertoli cell tumor → gynecomastia
C. Sertoli cell tumor → excess inhibin production → feminization → gynecomastia
D. Sertoli cell tumor → excess inhibin production → decreased spermatogenesis → gynecomastia
60. Which of the following is not a result of excessive estrogen secretion due to Sertoli cell tumor?
A. Pendulous prepuce
B. Metaplasia of the prostatic epithelium
C. Male dog with Sertoli cell tumor attract other male dogs
D. Decreased spermatogenesis
61. Which of the following clinical history would suggest that the dog has an enlarged prostate?
A. Lethargy C. Infertility
B. Straining to defecate D. Affected dog attracts other male dog
62. – 64. Bovine Case Study
62. An 8-year-old ,Holstein cow was presented because of diarrhea, weight loss and marked drop in milk production. Physical examination showed multiple enlarged lymph nodes on multiple areas. Fine needle aspirate of the lymph node showed large lymphocytes with large nuclei and nucleoli and frequent mitotic figures. Laboratory test showed anemia and hypoproteinemia. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Bovine Leukemia Virus C. Sarcocystosis
B. Malignant Catarrhal Fever D. Adenoma
63. The cow was euthanized and necropsy was performed. Lymphoid nodules were seen in the kidneys, abomasum and heart. The mucosa of the abomasum also has ulcers. Which of the following would be the most likely reason for anemia in this cow?
A. The virus causes direct hemolysis of the blood resulting to anemia
B. Neoplastic infiltration of the abomasum causes hemorrhagic ulcers resulting to anemia
C. The virus attacks the hemopoietic system of the body and stops the production of new red blood cells resulting to anemia
D. Neoplastic infiltration of the heart causes destruction of the blood vessel walls resulting to anemia
64. Laboratory findings showed that the cow also had hypoproteinemia. Which of the following could be the likely cause of this?
A. Neoplastic infiltration of the heart C. Neoplastic infiltration of the abomasum
B. Neoplastic infiltration of the kidney D. Neoplastic infiltration of the lungs
65. This is a cell involved in tumor surveillance and recognition that requires no prior sensitization or stimulation by other cells for their activity.
A. T- lymphocytes C. Monocytes
B. Natural Killer Cells D. Plasma cells
66. 다음 중 chemical carcinogenesis에 대한 설명으로 옳지 않은것은?
A. 발암원이 정상세포를 암세포로 전환하는 첫 단계는 세포의 DNA를 손상시키는 반응이다.
B. 발암물질은 대부분 여러 장기에 비특이적으로 광범위하게 발암원으로 작용한다.
C. 발암 과정은 initiation-promotion-progression의 다단계 반응을 거친다.
D. Initiator는 DNA의 비가역적 손상, promotor는 세포분열을 촉진시키는 물질이다.
E. 발암 과정의 initiation이 선행 되지 않으면 종양은 발생하지 않는다.
67. 다음 설명 중 틀린 것은?
A. Proto-oncogene은 비정상 유전자로 정상세포에는 존재하지 않으며 종양세포에서만 관찰된다.
B. Oncogene은 세포막 신호전달 단백질로 세포막내로의 신호전달에 관여한다.
C. Proto-oncogene은 protein kinase에 의해 활성화 되며 인산화 되어 신호전달에 관여한다.
D. Proto-oncogene으로 growth factor, tyrosine kinases, growth
factor receptor 등이 있다.
E. Oncogene은 3개의 알파벳으로 표시하며 이탤릭체로 표기한다.
68. 다음 종양의 metastasis 대한 설명중 틀린 것은?
A. 종양의 전이는 종양세포가 원발부위에서 떨어져 나와 혈류나 림프 흐름을 따라 숙주의 면역반응을 피해 전이 부위에 도달하는 일련의 과정이다.
B. Metastatic cascade라는 용어처럼 전이는 어느 단계의 일부분이 차단되면 일어나지 않는다.
C. 대체로 sarcoma는 혈류, carcinoma는 lymphatics를 통해 전이가 이루어지지만 동시에 일어나는 경우도 흔하다.
D. 악성 종양시 혈류와 림프계로 빠져나간 종양세포는 대부분 전이에 성공하여 종양병변을 유발한다.
E. 악성 종양의 전이 부위로 폐는 매우 드물다.
69. 다음 그림은 종양이 발생한 동물에서 나타나는 paraneoplastic syndrome 가운데 체중이 감소되는 기전을 설명한 것이다. 빈칸에 맞게 쓰시오.
Neoplasia Macrophage produce (
)
Wasting
Decreased lipoprotein lipase
activity
Neoplasia in abomasums
Maldigestion and ulcers
 |
Loss of plasma proteins
70.-72. 다음은 종양발생시 나타나는 fever에 대한 기전을 설명한 것이다. 빈칸에 맞게 넣으시오.
Macrophage
또는
분비
Fever
종양세포
 |
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 |
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시상하부에 작용하는
prostaglandin은
신체의
prostaglandin
생성
자극
온도조절 장치 기준 변화시킴
ANSWERS:
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1. D |
20. A |
39. D |
58. C |
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2. C |
21. C |
40. C |
59. A |
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3. D |
22. B |
41. C |
60. D |
|
4. D |
23. D |
42. B |
61. B |
|
5. D |
24. A |
43. A |
62. A |
|
6. A |
25. C |
44. B |
63. B |
|
7. D |
26. C |
45. A |
64. C |
|
8. B |
27. B |
46. C |
65. B |
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9. B |
28. A |
47. C |
66. B |
|
10. B |
29. B |
48. E |
67. A |
|
11. C |
30. B |
49. A |
68. E |
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12. C |
31. C |
50. D |
69. TNF |
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13. D |
32. A |
51. B |
70. IL-1 |
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14. A |
33. B |
52. B |
71. IL-6 |
|
15. A |
34. B |
53. B |
72. TNF |
|
16. A |
35. B |
54. C |
|
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17. C |
36. B |
55. B |
|
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18. A |
37. A |
56. C |
|
|
19. C |
38. C |
57. C |
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